• the conceptualization of emotions,
• the expression of emotions and
• the grounding of language.

From the expression perspective, it is claimed that the expression of 
emotions takes place on all linguistic levels: phonological, 
morphological, lexical, syntactic, and on the level of figurative 
language use (metaphor and metonymy). 'Grounding' of language in emotion 
means that emotion is one of the preconditions for the functioning of 
language (emotion is part of the embodied grounding) and for its coming 
into existence, both ontogenetically and phylogenetically. 
[@foolen2012relevance]

Emotions (and colours as well) highlight and sharpen the theoretical and methodological conflicts in semantics, they illustrate how the study of linguistic semantics is influenced by other human science disciplines.

But again, we focus more on (in terms of Semantics) "the meaning of the words by which people discuss and describe emotions".

Emotive language can be persuative because it "encourages the reader to respond on at emotional level, rather than considering the facts, or it may subtly affect the way reader views the topic.

E.g., a thin person could be described as slender (苗條 positive) or emaciated (乾癟 negative) to affect the way the reader views that person.

-（染色前） -（染色後）

• Lexicon of Emotions
• Grammar of Emotions
• Discourse Strategies and Emotions
• Phonetics of Emotions in Speech
• Conceptualization of Emotions

What are the linguistic devices displayed in spontaneous discourse concerning emotions, are there particular structures linked to affects in the observed languages and can we establish a typology based on that ?

• Polysemy (thus Ambiguity)
• Underspecification (e.g., begin, very)
• Relations (syntagmatic, paradigmatic, logical, association, etc)

A word can have multiple senses in varied contexts

• 動詞
• 專有名詞 (國語日報，貝多芬)

• 你過來一下
• 你到底愛不愛我
• 我喜歡的不是這樣的你

check it out! Chinese Wordnet 中文詞彙網路

On a morphosyntactic level, we like to see

• what are the predicative patterns favored in affective sentences,
• what effect they have on transitivity and verb valence since utterances including verbs with emotional meaning often have a low transitivity, and
  
• the degree of agentivity, volition and agent control in utterances conveying affects, etc.

Morphologically, it will be interesting as well to take into account the importance of possessive structures in which body parts are often involved, e.g., by making a list of different types of markers found in our corpora : affixes, affective particles, modal markers and verbal tenses that are favored in emotional communication. THE TYPOLOGY OF THE EXPRESSION OF EMOTIONS

• 我昨天早上在大安公園裡看到那個小女孩。
• 他昨天深夜在鐵工廠裡看到那個小女孩。

• 甘え(amae,"emotional dependence") … an emotion that helps people to comply with social values.

the original Chinese ideogram was of a breast on which the baby suckled, which suggests that this emotion involves a lost of separateness, a return to the sense of oneness that fuses mother and child together in the first months of life. (Evans 2003)

• Note that the distinction between basic emotions and culturally specific emotions is one of degree rather than of kind.

還是有人認為有基本與普世的情緒

• There are not two kinds of emotion, but three: higher cognitive emotions (P.Griffiths).
• HCE involve much more cortical processing than basic emotions. E.g.,
  love, guilt, shame, embarrassment, pride, envy, jealousy

The Case of Happiness

• What IS happiness? (IS NOT)
• What Makes us happy? (eating an ice cream, listening to Bach's cantatas, witnessing a beautiful sunset,…)
• What are the linguistic evidence saying that someone is happy?

[Text analytics and Emotions] (https://semantria.com/demo?lang=chinese)

[Politeness in Language] (http://politeness.mpi-sws.org/)